Makina ophatikizika azinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu, ndikuyenda kotsimikizika pakati pa gawo lililonse, zomwe zingathandize anthu kuchepetsa vuto la ntchito kapena kusunga ndalama.
Chida chothandizira mphamvu. zovuta Makina amapangidwa ndi makina awiri kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo makina ovuta nthawi zambiri amatchedwa makina.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamakina, yomwe imatha kugawidwa m'makina aulimi, makina amigodi, makina omanga, makina a petrochemical general, makina amagetsi, ndi zida zamakina malinga ndi mafakitale omwe adatumizidwa, Instrumentation, maziko. Makina, makina odzaza, makina oteteza zachilengedwe, etc. Zitsulo zopangira makina, zitsulo zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakina zomwe zimanyamula katundu kapena kutumiza ntchito ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti chitsulo chopanga makina. Amagawidwa ndi cholinga
Chitsulo chozimitsidwa, cholimba, cholimba
Chitsulo cha Chemical (kuphatikiza chitsulo cha carburizing, chitsulo cha nitriding, chitsulo chotsika kwambiri), chitsulo chodula, chitsulo chotanuka ndi chitsulo chopindika, etc.
1. Chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthedwa
Chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthedwa nthawi zambiri chimazimitsidwa ndiyeno chimatenthedwa chisanagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti chikwaniritse mphamvu ndi kulimba kofunikira. Mpweya wa carbon wozimitsidwa ndi zitsulo zotentha ndi 0.03 ~ 0.60%.
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kochepa,
Amangogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziwalo zamakina ndi kukula kwazing'ono, mawonekedwe osavuta kapena katundu wochepa. Chitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthetsera chimapangidwa ndi kaboni
Pamaziko a zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zimawonjezeredwa
Chiwerengero chonse cha zinthu zowonjezeredwa zomwe zawonjezeredwa sizidutsa 5%. Chitsulo chozimitsidwa komanso chotenthetsera chimakhala ndi kuuma bwino ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito
Woumitsidwa mu mafuta, kapindika kakang'ono kozimitsa, mphamvu yabwinoko komanso kulimba
Makalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zitsulo ndi 40Cr, 35CrMo, 40MnB, etc. Kukula kwa gawo lalikulu ndi lalikulu.
, Magawo ofunikira okhala ndi katundu wambiri, monga shaft yayikulu ya injini ya aero, crankshaft ya injini ya dizilo yothamanga kwambiri
Ndi ndodo zolumikizira, ma shaft akuluakulu a ma turbine a nthunzi ndi ma jenereta, ndi zina zotero.
Makalasi achitsulo okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zophatikizika, monga 40CrNiMo, 18CrNiW, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Chitsulo chamoto
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburized chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zomwe zimafuna malo olimba komanso osavala komanso zida zolimba komanso zosagwira ntchito, monga ma tcheni, ma piston, magiya, ndi zina zotere. Mpweya wa carbon mu carburized steel ndi wotsika, womwe ndi 0.10 ~ 0.30% , pofuna kutsimikizira kulimba kwapakati pa gawolo, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha carburizing, chophimba cha carbon high-high-hard-hard-sight-resistant layer chingapangidwe pamwamba. Alloy carburizing angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Zitsulo, zitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kalasi 20CrMnTi, 20CrMo, 20Cr, etc.
3. Chitsulo cha nitrided
Chitsulo cha nitrided chili ndi ma alloying omwe amalumikizana mwamphamvu ndi nayitrogeni, monga aluminiyamu, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, ndi zina zambiri, kuti athandizire kulowetsedwa kwa nayitrogeni. Gawo la nitrided ndi lolimba, losavala komanso lopanda dzimbiri kuposa la carburized layer, koma carburized layer.
Nayitrogeni wosanjikiza ndi woonda. Pambuyo pa nitriding, mapindikidwe a ziwalo ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziwiya zolondola zokhala ndi zovala zazing'ono zovomerezeka, monga ma spindles akupera makina, ma plunger pairs, magiya olondola, ma valve, ndi zina zambiri. Pali 38CrMoAl.
4. Chitsulo chochepa cholimba
Chitsulo chochepa chowumitsa ndi chitsulo chapadera cha carbon chokhala ndi zinthu zochepa zotsalira monga manganese ndi silicon. Pakatikati mwa zigawo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chotere ndizovuta kuzimitsa kuposa zitsulo wamba za carbon structural panthawi yozimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, wosanjikiza woumitsidwa amagawika mozungulira mozungulira gawolo, pomwe gawo lapakati limasunga zofewa komanso zolimba kuti zilowe m'malo mwa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburized kupanga magiya, ma bushings, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zingapulumutse ndalama. Nthawi ya carburizing, kupulumutsa mphamvu. Kuti agwirizane ndi kulimba kwa gawo lapakati ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba bwino, mpweya wake nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.50 ~ 0.70%.
5. Chitsulo chodula chaulere
Chitsulo chopanda ufulu ndicho kuwonjezera kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo monga sulfure, lead, calcium, selenium, etc. ku chitsulo kuti kuchepetsa mphamvu yodulira. Kuchuluka kowonjezera nthawi zambiri kumakhala masauzande ochepa kapena kuchepera. Thupi, kapena kuwonjezera zinthu pamodzi ndi zinthu zina muzitsulo kupanga mtundu wa inclusions kuti kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kulimbikitsa chip kusweka pa ndondomeko kudula, kuti kutalikitsa moyo chida ndi kuchepetsa kudula. Cholinga cha kudula mphamvu, kuwongolera roughness pamwamba, etc. Popeza Kuwonjezera sulfure kuchepetsa mawotchi zimatha zitsulo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbali kuwala-yodzaza. Chitsulo chamakono chaulere chifukwa cha ntchito. Kuwongolera kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamagalimoto.
6. Chitsulo cha Spring
Chitsulo chotanuka chimakhala ndi malire otanuka kwambiri, malire otopa komanso kuchuluka kwa zokolola. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndi akasupe. Springs amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Maonekedwe awo akhoza kugawidwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya akasupe a masamba ndi akasupe a coil. Ntchito yaikulu ya kasupe ndi kutsekemera kwadzidzidzi komanso kusunga mphamvu. The zotanuka mapindikidwe, mayamwidwe mphamvu mphamvu, kuchepetsa mphamvu, monga zotchinga akasupe pa magalimoto ndi magalimoto ena; kasupe amathanso kumasula mphamvu zomwe zakhudzidwa kuti zipangitse mbali zina kumaliza zinthu zina, monga kasupe wa valve pa injini, zida Table akasupe, etc.
7. Kunyamula zitsulo
Kunyamula zitsulo kumakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi yunifolomu ndi kuvala kukana, komanso malire apamwamba otanuka. Kufanana kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi zitsulo zonyamula, zomwe zili ndi kugawa kwazinthu zopanda zitsulo, ndi carbides. Kugawa ndi zofunikira zina zazitsulo ndizokhwima kwambiri, ndipo ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zonse. Chitsulo chonyamula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipira, zodzigudubuza ndi manja a zitsulo zogudubuza. Chitsulo chachitsulo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga zida zolondola, kufa kozizira, zomangira za zida zamakina, monga kufa, chida, mpopi ndi zida zolondola zapampu yamafuta a dizilo.