Imashini ni ihuriro ryibintu byakozwe n'abantu, hamwe nigikorwa kigaragara hagati ya buri kintu, gishobora gufasha abantu kugabanya ingorane zakazi cyangwa kuzigama amafaranga.
Igikoresho c'imbaraga. bigoye Imashini igizwe nimashini ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zoroshye, kandi imashini zigoye zitwa imashini.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimashini, zishobora kugabanywa mumashini yubuhinzi, imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, imashini zubaka, imashini zikoresha peteroli, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe nibikoresho bya mashini ukurikije inganda zitangwa, Ibikoresho, umusingi. Imashini, imashini zipakira, imashini zo kurengera ibidukikije, nibindi. Icyuma cyo gukora imashini, ibyuma byubatswe bikoreshwa mugukora ibice byubukorikori bitwara imizigo cyangwa byohereza imirimo nimbaraga, bizwi kandi nkibyuma byubaka imashini. Bitandukanijwe n'intego
Icyuma kizimye kandi cyoroshye, hejuru ikomeye
Ibyuma bya chimique (harimo ibyuma bya karburizasi, ibyuma bya nitride, ibyuma bidafite imbaraga), ibyuma bikata ubusa, ibyuma bya elastike hamwe nicyuma kizunguruka, nibindi.
1. Icyuma kizimye kandi cyoroshye
Ibyuma bizimya kandi byoroheje muri rusange bizimya hanyuma bigahinduka mbere yo gukoresha kugirango ugere ku mbaraga zikenewe no gukomera. Ibirimo bya karubone byazimye kandi byuma ni 0.03 ~ 0,60%.
Kubera gukomera kwayo,
Byakoreshejwe gusa mugukora ibice byubukanishi hamwe nubunini buto bwambukiranya, imiterere yoroshye cyangwa umutwaro muto. Amavuta azimye kandi ashyushye akozwe muri karubone
Ukurikije ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge, kimwe cyangwa byinshi byongeweho
Umubare wuzuye wibintu byongeweho byongeweho-muri rusange ntibirenza 5%. Amavuta azimye kandi ashyushye afite ibyuma byiza kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muri
Gukomera mu mavuta, guhindura ibintu bito, imbaraga nziza no gukomera
Ibyiciro bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubyuma ni 40Cr, 35CrMo, 40MnB, nibindi. Ubunini bwambukiranya ni bunini
, Ibice byingenzi bifite umutwaro muremure, nka moteri ya aero moteri nyamukuru, moteri yihuta ya moteri ya crankshaft
Kandi guhuza inkoni, ibiti nyamukuru bya turbine na generator, nibindi.
Ibyiciro byibyuma birimo ibintu byinshi bivanze, nka 40CrNiMo, 18CrNiW, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, nibindi.
2. Ibyuma bya karuboni
Ibyuma bya Carburize bikoreshwa mugukora ibice bisaba ibintu bigoye kandi bidashobora kwihanganira kwambara hamwe ningingo zikomeye kandi zidashobora guhangana ningaruka, nka pine zumunyururu, pisitori ya piston, ibyuma, nibindi. , kugirango hamenyekane ubukana bwibice byigice, nyuma yo kuvura karubasi, hashobora kubaho hejuru ya karubone nyinshi kandi ikomeye cyane. Alloy carburizing irashobora gukoreshwa mubice byingenzi. Ibyuma, bikunze gukoreshwa amanota yicyuma ni 20CrMnTi, 20CrMo, 20Cr, nibindi.
3. Ibyuma bya Nitride
Ibyuma bya Nitride birimo ibintu bivangavanze bifitanye isano rya azote, nka aluminium, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, nibindi, kugirango byoroherezwe kwinjira muri azote. Igice cya nitride irakomeye, irwanya kwambara kandi irwanya ruswa kuruta karubasi, ariko karburize
Igice cya azote cyoroshye. Nyuma ya nitriding, guhindura ibice ni bito, kandi birasanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibice bisobanutse hamwe no kwambara bito byemewe, nko gusya imashini izunguruka, plunger joriji, ibyuma bisobanutse, ibiti bya valve, nibindi, bikunze gukoreshwa mubyiciro byicyuma. Hano hari 38CrMoAl.
4. Icyuma gike cyane
Icyuma gike cyane nicyuma cya karubone kidasanzwe gifite ibintu bisigaye nka manganese na silicon. Igice cyo hagati cyibice bikozwe muri ubu bwoko bwibyuma biragoye kuzimya kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone byubaka mugihe cyo kuzimya. Byongeye kandi, urwego rukomye rusanzwe rusaranganywa neza kurwego rwo hejuru rwigice, mugihe igice cyo hagati gikomeza matrike yoroshye kandi ikarishye kugirango isimbuze ibyuma bya karubone kugirango ikore ibikoresho, ibihuru, nibindi, bishobora kuzigama amafaranga. Igihe cya carburizing inzira, uzigama gukoresha ingufu. Kugirango uhuze ubukana bwigice cyo hagati hamwe nuburemere bwubuso neza, ibirimo karubone muri rusange 0,50 ~ 0,70%.
5. Gukata ibyuma byubusa
Ibyuma-gukata kubuntu ni kongeramo ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi nka sulfure, gurş, calcium, selenium, nibindi kugirango ibyuma bigabanye imbaraga zo guca. Amafaranga yongeyeho muri rusange ni ibihumbi bike cyangwa munsi yayo. Umubiri, cyangwa kongeramo ibintu byahujwe nibindi bintu mubyuma kugirango ube ubwoko bwimitekerereze igabanya ubukana kandi iteza chip kumeneka mugihe cyo gutema, kugirango wongere ubuzima bwibikoresho kandi bigabanye gukata. Intego yo guca imbaraga, kunoza ubuso bwubuso, nibindi. Kuva hiyongereyeho sulfure bizagabanya imiterere yubukorikori bwibyuma, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibice byuzuye urumuri. Ibyuma bigezweho byo gukata ibyuma kubera imikorere. Gutezimbere nabyo bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byimodoka.
6. Ibyuma
Ibyuma bya elastike bifite imipaka ihanitse, igipimo cyumunaniro nigipimo cyumusaruro. Porogaramu nyamukuru ni amasoko. Amasoko akoreshwa cyane mumashini n'ibikoresho bitandukanye. Isura yabo irashobora kugabanwa. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwamasoko yamababi hamwe na coil. Igikorwa nyamukuru cyisoko ni uguhungabana no kubika ingufu. Ihindagurika rya elastike, kwinjiza ingufu zingaruka, kugabanya ingaruka, nka buffer zituruka kumodoka nizindi modoka; isoko irashobora kandi kurekura imbaraga zashizwemo kugirango ibindi bice byuzuze ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nkibikoresho bya valve kuri moteri, ibikoresho byameza kumeza, nibindi.
7. Gutwara ibyuma
Gutwara ibyuma bifite ubukana buringaniye kandi buringaniye kandi kwambara birwanya, kimwe na elastike ntarengwa. Uburinganire bwimiterere yimiti yibyuma, ibirimo nogukwirakwiza ibintu bitari ibyuma, na karbide. Ikwirakwizwa nibindi bisabwa byibyuma birakomeye cyane, kandi nimwe murwego rukomeye rwibyuma mubikorwa byose byibyuma. Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora imipira, imizingo n'amaboko yo kuzunguruka. Urwego rwicyuma rushobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bisobanutse, gupfa gukonje, imashini yimashini, nko gupfa, igikoresho, kanda na mazutu ya pompe ibice.