Uburyo bwo gutondekanya ibyuma buratandukanye, uburyo nyamukuru bufite burindwi bukurikira:
1, ukurikije ubuziranenge bw'ibyiciro
(1) ibyuma bisanzwe (P 0.045% cyangwa munsi yayo, S 0.050% cyangwa munsi)
(2) ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge (P, S ni 0.035% cyangwa munsi)
(3) ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge (P 0.035% cyangwa munsi yayo, S 0.030% cyangwa munsi)
2, ishyirwa mubikorwa byimiti
Icyuma cyoroheje (1) ibyuma bya karubone: a. 0,25% cyangwa munsi yayo (C); B. icyuma giciriritse giciriritse (C acuities yari 0.25 ~ 0,60%); C. ibyuma bya karubone ndende (0,60%) cyangwa munsi ya c.
(2) ibyuma bivanze: a. ibyuma biciriritse (ibice bigize ibice byose hamwe 5% cyangwa munsi); B. mubyuma bivanze (ibice byose bivanze> 5 ~ 10%); C. ibyuma birebire cyane (ibivanze byose hamwe> 10%).
3, ukurikije uburyo bwo gushiraho ibyiciro
(1) guhimba ibyuma; (2) gutera ibyuma; (3) ibyuma bishyushye bishyushye, (4) ibyuma bikurura ubukonje.
4, ukurikije ibyiciro bya microstructure
(1) leta yerekana: a. hypoeutectoid ibyuma (ferrite + pearlite); B. ibyuma bya eutectoid (pearlite); C. ibyuma bya hypereutectoid (pearlite na simaite); D. ibyuma bya ledeburite (pearlite na simaite).
(2) ni imiterere yumuriro: a. icyuma; B. ibyuma bya bainite; C. ibyuma bya martensitike; D. ibyuma bya austenitis.
(3) nta guhinduka kwicyiciro cyangwa igice cyimpinduka
5, ukurikije intego yo gutondeka
(1) kubaka no kubaka ibyuma: a. ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone; B. ibyuma byubatswe buke; C. ibyuma bishimangira.
(2) ibyuma byubaka: a. gukora imashini zazimye kandi zifite ubushyuhe: (a) ibyuma byubaka; . (c) gukata ibyuma ku buntu; (d) plastiki ikonje ikora ibyuma: harimo ibyuma bikonje, ibyuma bikonje bikonje.
B. ibyuma
C. gutwara ibyuma
(3) ibyuma by'ibikoresho: a. ibyuma bya karubone; B. ibyuma bivanga ibikoresho; C. ibyuma byihuta byuma.
(4) imikorere idasanzwe yicyuma: a. ibyuma bitagira aside; B. ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, harimo ubukana bwa okiside yubushyuhe, ibyuma, ibyuma; C. ibyuma bivamo amashanyarazi; D. kwambara ibyuma birwanya; E. ibyuma bya kirogenike; F. ibyuma by'amashanyarazi.
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6, ibyiciro byuzuye
(1) ibyuma bisanzwe
A. Q195 ibyuma byubaka ibyuma: (a); (b) Q215 (A, b); (c) Q235 (A, B, c); (d) Q255 (A, B); Q275 (e).
B. ibyuma byubatswe buke
C. idasanzwe-igamije ibyuma byubaka
(2) ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge (harimo ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge)
A. ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge ibyuma byubaka ibyuma: (a); (b) kuvanga ibyuma byubaka; (c) ibyuma byo mu isoko; (d) gukata ibyuma ku buntu; (e) gutwara ibyuma; (f) UKORESHEJE gukoresha ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge.
B. ibikoresho by'icyuma ibikoresho bya karubone ibyuma: (a); (b) ibyuma bivanga ibyuma, (c) ibyuma byihuta byuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2021