Oomatshini yindibaniselwano yamalungu omzimba enziwe ngabantu, kunye nentshukumo eqinisekileyo yesalamane phakathi kwecandelo ngalinye, elinokunceda abantu banciphise ubunzima bomsebenzi okanye bonge imali.
Isixhobo sesixhobo samandla. Umatshini wenziwa ngoomatshini ababini okanye ngaphezulu abalula, kwaye oomatshini abantsonkothileyo badla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngoomatshini.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zoomatshini, abanokwahlulwa babe ngoomatshini bezolimo, oomatshini bemigodi, oomatshini bokwakha, oomatshini bepetrochemical ngokubanzi, oomatshini bombane, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini ngokwemizi-mveliso ekhonzayo, Instrumentation, isiseko. Oomatshini, oomatshini bokupakisha, oomatshini bokhuselo lokusingqongileyo, njl.njl. Intsimbi yokwenziwa koomatshini, intsimbi yesakhiwo esetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye zoomatshini ezithwala umthwalo okanye ukuhambisa umsebenzi kunye namandla, okwaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi yolwakhiwo lomatshini. Yahlulwe ngenjongo
Intsimbi ecinyiweyo nepholileyo, indawo eqinileyo
Intsimbi yekhemikhali (kubandakanywa nentsimbi ye-carburizing, i-nitriding steel, i-low hardhardability steel), intsimbi yokusika simahla, i-elastic steel kunye ne-rolling bearing steel, njl.
1. Intsimbi ecinyiweyo kunye nobushushu
Intsimbi ecinyiweyo kunye nepholileyo iyacinywa ngokubanzi kwaye emva koko ishushu ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukufezekisa amandla afunekayo kunye nokuqina. Umxholo wekhabhoni wekhabhoni ecinyiweyo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo yi-0.03 ~ 0.60%.
Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphantsi,
Isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuvelisa amacandelo omatshini kunye nobukhulu obuncinci be-cross-section, imilo elula okanye umthwalo ophantsi. I-alloy ecinyiweyo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo yenziwe kwikhabhoni
Ngesiseko sensimbi ephezulu, enye okanye izinto ezininzi zongezwa
Isixa esipheleleyo sezinto zokudibanisa ezongeziweyo-ngokubanzi azidluli kwi-5%. I-alloy ecinyiweyo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo inokuqina okulungileyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa kuyo
Iqiniswe kwioli, i-deformation encinci yokucima, amandla angcono kunye nokuqina
Amanqanaba ensimbi asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-40Cr, 35CrMo, 40MnB, njl. Ubungakanani becandelo elinqamlezayo likhulu.
, iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezinomthwalo ophezulu, njenge-aero injini shaft engundoqo, i-high-speed injini ye-diesel crankshaft
Kwaye ukudibanisa iintonga, i-shafts eziphambili ze-steam turbines kunye neejeneretha, njl.
Amabakala ensimbi anomxholo ophezulu wezinto zokudibanisa, ezifana ne-40CrNiMo, 18CrNiW, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, njl.
2. Carburized steel
Intsimbi ye-Carburized isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindawo ezifuna iindawo ezinzima kunye nezingaguqukiyo kunye neentsimbi ezinamandla kunye nefuthe-ezixhathisayo, njengezikhonkwane zekhonkco, izikhonkwane zepiston, iigiya, njl. , ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kombindi wenxalenye, emva kokunyangwa kwe-carburizing, i-high-carbon kunye ne-high-hard-hard-hardness wear-resistant layer inokwakheka phezu komhlaba. I-alloy carburizing ingasetyenziselwa iindawo ezibalulekileyo. Intsimbi, amabakala ensimbi asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-20CrMnTi, 20CrMo, 20Cr, njl.
3. Intsimbi ene-nitrided
Intsimbi ye-nitrided iqulethe izinto ezixutywayo ezinobudlelwane obuqinileyo be-nitrogen, njenge-aluminium, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, njl., ukuququzelela ukungena kwe-nitrogen. Umaleko we-nitrided unzima, awugugi kakhulu kwaye awunyangeki ku-corrosion kunomaleko we-carburized, kodwa umaleko we-carburized
Umaleko wenitrogen ubhityile. Emva kwe-nitriding, i-deformation yamalungu incinci, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza iindawo ezichanekileyo kunye neengubo ezincinci ezivumelekileyo, ezifana ne-spindles yomatshini wokusila, i-plunger pairs, i-precision gears, i-valve stems, njl., amanqanaba entsimbi asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Kukho i38CrMoAl.
4. Intsimbi ephantsi yokuqina
Intsimbi ephantsi yokuqina yintsimbi ekhethekileyo yekhabhoni enezinto ezishiyekileyo ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-silicon. Inxalenye esembindini yeengxenye ezenziwe ngolu hlobo lwentsimbi kunzima ukucima kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-carbon structural ngexesha lokucima. Ngaphezu koko, umaleko oqinileyo usasazwe ngokulinganayo ecaleni komphezulu wecontour yenxalenye, ngelixa indawo esembindini igcina i-matrix ethambileyo neqinile yokutshintsha intsimbi ye-carburized ukwenza iigiya, i-bushings, njl., enokonga imali. Inkqubo ye-carburizing yexesha, ukonga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukuze ulungelelanise ukuqina kwendawo ephakathi kunye nobunzima bomhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, umxholo wekhabhoni ngokuqhelekileyo ngu-0.50 ~ 0.70%.
5. Intsimbi yokusika yamahhala
Intsimbi yokusika yamahhala yongezwa kwento enye okanye ngaphezulu njengesulfure, i-lead, i-calcium, i-selenium, njl njl kwintsimbi yokunciphisa amandla okusika. Isixa esongezelelweyo sikholisa ukuba ngamawaka ambalwa okanye ngaphantsi. Umzimba, okanye ukongeza izinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezinye izinto kwintsimbi ukwenza uhlobo lokubandakanywa olunciphisa ukungqubuzana kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphulwa kwe-chip ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo kunye nokunciphisa ukusika. Injongo yokusika amandla, ukuphucula ubugwenxa bomhlaba, njl. Ekubeni ukongezwa kwesulfure kuya kunciphisa iipropathi zomatshini zetsimbi, ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindawo ezilayishwe ukukhanya. Intsimbi yanamhlanje yokusika simahla ngenxa yokusebenza. Uphuculo lukwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni iinxalenye zemoto.
6. Intsimbi yasentwasahlobo
Intsimbi ye-elastic inomlinganiselo ophezulu we-elastic, umda wokukhathala kunye nomlinganiselo wesivuno. Eyona nto isetyenziswayo yimithombo. Imithombo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Imbonakalo yabo inokwahlulwa. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zemithombo yamagqabi kunye nemithombo yekhoyili. Umsebenzi ophambili wentwasahlobo kukufunxa ukothuka kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla. Utshintsho olulastiki, ukufunxwa kwamandla empembelelo, ukunciphisa impembelelo, Okufana nemithombo yesithinteli kwiimoto nezinye izithuthi; intwasahlobo inokuphinda ikhuphe amandla afunxayo ukwenza ezinye iindawo zigqibezele izenzo ezithile, ezifana ne-valve spring kwi-injini, isixhobo seTable springs, njl.
7. Ukuthwala intsimbi
Ukuthwala intsimbi kunobunzima obuphezulu kunye nobunye kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kunye nomda ophezulu we-elastic. Ukufana kokwakheka kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yokuthwala, umxholo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-non-metallic inclusions, kunye ne-carbides. Ukusasazwa kunye nezinye iimfuno zetsimbi zingqongqo kakhulu, kwaye yenye yezona zigaba zetsimbi ezinobunzima kuyo yonke imveliso yentsimbi. Intsimbi yokuthwala isetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhola, iirola kunye nemikhono yeebheringi eziqengqelekayo. Ibakala lentsimbi lingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezichanekileyo, ukufa okubandayo, isikrufu sesixhobo somatshini, njengokufa, isixhobo, impompo kunye neendawo zokuchaneka kwepompo yeoli yedizili.